PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.